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But if you want to prove to yourself at this moment that you can complete a successful test, then clone (or fork) ‘Ionic4 Angular With Appium’ and skip to the tutorial ‘Start AUT Process’ section. If you do not become familiar with the constituents, such as the ones listed below, you’re likely going to limit yourself to a deeper understanding and perhaps an appreciation to what has been developed. So let me explain, to the best of my knowledge, the landscape of significant constituents that will be used in this setup of “Ionic 4 Angular with Appium”. If you are able to do that I’m hoping that will clear the fog to develop your own basic heuristics for additional specs. Those test specs involve a few swipe and tap gesture followed by an assertion to verify expected data is indeed shown. That said, and until more is known, my objective for this article is to simply guide you to pass just a couple of simple test specs without creating more uncertainties for you. This test automation landscape is vast with several layers of abstraction between these constituents. frameworks, protocols and selector-strategies). With implementation frameworks with the same name as the specification only added to my confusion when trying to visualize a hierarchy of constituents (i.e. From the documentation that I read online seem to frequently conflict with what I experienced when implemented in my IDE. This was my second experience with this sort of test automation, that both required tremendous amount of trial-and-error. Prior to publishing this article, my tribulations of completing a successful test “spec” was such that I felt an article, hopefully this one, will remove some uncertainties for the next developer or technician facing the same objectives. If you’re familiar with test automation using Appium, the title of this post might have you already considering on how a hybrid app is going to be successfully tested, as there are several factors to consider.